Summary of Findings
- All English language learners (ELL) met exit criteria during the intervention
- 75% (n = 9) of ELL continued to thrive without supplemental instruction
- 54% (n = 6) of the males continued to thrive
- 85% (n = 11) of the females continued to thrive
- Students who did not meet exit criteria were distinct from the other 3 groups who eventually met exit criteria with respect to pretest scores on RAN, fluency, and comprehension.
- Our initial work suggests that most students who are identified early as at risk for reading problems (2nd grade and younger) should be provided with at least 20 weeks of intervention prior to determining that they are inadequate responders.
- The Core Reading instruction, Tier One, may influence the amount of intervention for Tier Two that is required. For students who have highly effective Tier One instruction, less Tier Two instruction may be necessary prior to determining low response to intervention. However, for students who have little or no effective Tier One instruction, greater amounts of Tier Two instruction may be required to determine response to intervention.
- More girls than boys were identified as not meeting exit criteria, 4 boys; 7 girls.
- 23 out of 24 students maintained or improved fluency scores after exit.
- However, only 16 of 24 met criteria for "thriving" without intervention (thrive = 1 word or greater per week in fluency).
- All 4 groups made greatest gains in fluency the first 10 weeks.
Language Proficiency and Exit
| English | Spanish | |
| Early | 82.3 | 66.1 |
| Mid | 76 | 87.4 |
| Late | 68.6 | 88.3 |
How did students do by gender?
- Exited after 10 weeks
- 6 males; 4 females - Exited after 20 weeks
- 5 males; 9 females - Exited after 30 weeks
- 5 males; 5 females - Did not meet exit criteria
- 4 males; 7 females
Figures
Figure 1. Means for TORF: Fluency
Figure 2: Austin's and Eduardo's progress on the 2nd grade passages of the TORF over time (exited after 10 weeks of supplemental instruction).
Figure 3: Armando's and Patricia's progress on the 2nd grade passages of the TORF over time (exited after 20 weeks of supplemental instruction).
Figure 4: Comparison between two students who failed to thrive in the classroom and those who thrived.
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(Research: Study 2)
